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Pre-test counselling: what is covered before you test | CION Cancer Clinics

Pre-test counselling is the conversation that happens before any genetic sample is collected, not a formality on the way to one. This page explains what it covers, how informed consent actually gets built during it, and why deciding not to test at the end is a normal, acceptable outcome. At CION Cancer Clinics in Hyderabad, our oncologists review your family history with you and guide you to the right genetic counselling and testing.

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Medically reviewed by Dr. Naresh GunduConsultant Medical Oncologist · MBBS, DNB (Internal Medicine), DM (Medical Oncology, AIIMS) · last reviewed September 2026, next review due September 2027
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The short answer

What actually gets covered before a sample is taken?

Pre-test counselling is the conversation that happens before any sample is collected. It covers what the test can and cannot tell you, what a result would change, and whether you actually want to know the answer. Nothing is tested until this conversation has happened, and nobody is expected to arrive with the decision already made.

It is a decision-making conversation, not a formality

Some people arrive expecting a quick sign-off before the blood draw. Pre-test counselling is deliberately slower than that. It exists because a genetic result cannot be taken back once you know it, and the conversation is your chance to think that through with someone qualified, before rather than after.

It is where consent is actually built, not just signed

A consent form is signed at the end of this conversation, but the conversation is what makes the consent meaningful. You should understand why you are being tested, what the possible results are, and what each one would mean before you ever see the form.

It usually takes longer than people expect

Because it covers so much ground, pre-test counselling is often the longest single conversation in the whole process. Rushing it defeats the point. A counsellor would rather spend extra time here than have you receive a result later that you were never properly prepared for. If you leave with unanswered questions, the conversation is not finished yet, even if the clock says otherwise.

You can decide not to test at the end of this conversation. That outcome is common and it is not a failed appointment.

What is covered

The four things every pre-test conversation includes

Different clinics phrase it differently, but the content is the same everywhere.

Your personal and family history

Confirming the family tree already built, and checking whether it genuinely supports testing.

What the specific test looks for

Which gene or panel of genes, and what a positive, negative or uncertain result from that particular test would mean.

What a result would change

For your own screening and treatment, and for relatives who might also want to be tested for the same fault.

What you are consenting to

How your sample and result will be stored, who can see it, and whether you want to know about unrelated findings.

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How it unfolds

The order the conversation usually follows

Reviewing the family tree together

Confirming what was gathered earlier and checking nothing important has changed since.

Explaining the specific test on offer

What it looks for, how reliable it is, and what its limits are for your particular family history.

Walking through each possible result

A positive result, a negative result, and an uncertain result are each explained before any sample is taken.

Checking you are ready to decide

You are asked directly whether you want to go ahead now, wait, or decline. All three are acceptable answers.

Words used in this conversation

Terms you will hear during pre-test counselling

Informed consent
Agreeing to testing after genuinely understanding what it involves, not simply signing a form.
Positive result
A specific gene fault has been found. It raises risk; it does not confirm you will develop cancer.
Negative result
No fault was found in the genes tested. It does not remove all risk, especially if the family pattern remains unexplained.
Variant of uncertain significance
A spelling difference was found, but it is not yet known whether it causes disease.
Secondary findings
Unrelated results a broader test might turn up, which you can choose to receive or not.
Right not to know
You can stop the process at any point before or after the sample is given, without needing to justify the decision, and without it affecting the care you receive elsewhere.

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Side by side

Pre-test counselling versus post-test counselling

Pre-test counselling Post-test counselling
Happens before any sample is taken Happens once the result is back
Covers what each possible result would mean Explains what the actual result means for you
Ends with a decision about whether to test Ends with a plan for screening or relatives
You can decline testing at this stage The result cannot be undone once received

A real option

What happens if you decide not to test after all?

Nothing negative happens. Declining testing after pre-test counselling is a normal outcome, not a wasted appointment. You leave with a clearer understanding of your family history and the surveillance options open to you regardless of a genetic result, and that understanding on its own is often worth the visit.

You can come back later

Deciding not to test now does not close the door. Many people return months or years later, once a new diagnosis in the family changes the picture, or once they have simply had more time to think it through properly.

Declining is different from being refused

Occasionally a counsellor will say a particular test is unlikely to help, based on the family history. That is different from you choosing not to proceed, and the reasoning is always explained rather than left unsaid.

Not everyone reaches the same answer

Two siblings sitting through the same pre-test conversation can reasonably decide differently, one choosing to test and the other choosing to wait. Neither choice needs defending to the other, and a counsellor will not treat one as more sensible than the other. What matters is that the decision was made with a clear understanding of what was being agreed to, not that everyone in the family lands in the same place.

There is no pressure to decide on the day. Taking time to think it over is expected, not unusual.

Commonly believed

Four things people assume about pre-test counselling

"It's just paperwork before the real appointment."

It is the appointment where the decision actually gets made. The blood or saliva sample is a small final step, not the main event.

"Once I agree to counselling, I have to go through with testing."

Agreeing to the conversation is not agreeing to the test. You can say no at the very end, after hearing everything.

"The counsellor will tell me what to decide."

They will explain the options clearly and answer questions honestly, but the decision to test or not is yours to make.

"If I ask too many questions, it looks like I don't trust them."

Questions are the point of the conversation. A counsellor would rather you ask something twice than sign a consent form you do not fully understand.

Questions we are asked

Common questions about pre-test counselling

Is pre-test counselling compulsory before genetic testing?

Reputable clinics do not test without it. It is how informed consent is actually established, not an optional add-on to the process.

Can I take the sample the same day as pre-test counselling?

Often yes, if you decide to go ahead. Some people prefer to think it over first and return on a separate day, which is equally acceptable.

What if I don't understand something the counsellor explains?

Say so and ask again. Pre-test counselling is not considered complete, and consent is not considered informed, until you actually understand the key points.

Will I be asked about secondary findings during this conversation?

Usually yes, particularly for broader panel tests. You will be asked whether you want to be told about unrelated findings the test might turn up.

Can my decision change after pre-test counselling but before the sample is taken?

Yes. You can change your mind at any point up to the point the sample is actually given, without needing to explain why.

Does pre-test counselling cost extra?

It is usually included as part of the genetic counselling appointment rather than billed separately, but confirm this with your clinic when booking.

What if the counsellor advises against testing?

They will explain why, usually because the family history does not clearly point to a testable pattern. You can still ask for a second opinion if you disagree.

Is pre-test counselling different for a panel test versus a single gene test?

The structure is the same, but a panel test covering several genes usually takes longer to explain, since each gene can carry a different level of risk and different guidance.

Your Specialists

Meet CION's oncologists. Bring your family history or genetic report to them.

Our medical oncologists see people with a strong family history of cancer, arrange genetic counselling and testing where it fits, and plan the checks that follow.

Dr. Naresh Gundu
Medical Oncologist

Dr. Naresh Gundu

MBBS, DNB (Internal Medicine), DM (Medical Oncology)

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Dr. C. Raghavendra Reddy
Medical Oncologist

Dr. C. Raghavendra Reddy

MBBS(Gold Medal), DNB(General Medicine), DM(Medical Oncology)(Gold Medal)

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Dr. Bharati Devi Gorantla
Medical Oncologist

Dr. Bharati Devi Gorantla

MBBS, MD(General Medicine), DM(Medical Oncology)(Adyar,Chennai), ECMO, MRCP SCE(UK)

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Dr. Owais Mohammed
Medical Oncologist

Dr. Owais Mohammed

MBBS, MD (General Medicine), DrNB (Medical Oncology), ECMO, MRCP SCE (Medical Oncology) (UK)

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Dr. T. Raghavender Reddy
Medical Oncologist

Dr. T. Raghavender Reddy

MBBS, DM (Medical Oncology), MD (Radiation Oncology)

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Dr. N. Kiranmayee
Medical Oncologist

Dr. N. Kiranmayee

MBBS, DM (Medical Oncology), MD (Internal Medicine)

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Sources

  1. National Cancer Institute — Genetic Testing for Inherited Cancer Susceptibility Syndromes
  2. NHS — Predictive genetic tests for cancer risk genes
  3. MedlinePlus Genetics — What is informed consent?

This page is general information, not a prescription. Do not change or stop any treatment based on what you read here. If anything is worrying you, contact your own treating team — or call our helpline and we will help you reach the right specialist.

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Want to know what a pre-test conversation would cover for your family?

Tell us your family history and we will explain what a pre-test counselling appointment would look like for you. One helpline serves every CION centre.

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Where to find us

Our centres in and around Hyderabad

Addressed by landmark, because that is how this city navigates. One helpline books a consultation at any of these centres, and your team will tell you where counselling and testing take place.

CION Ameerpet

Beside Blue Fox Hotel, Satyam Theatre Road

Begumpet SR Nagar Punjagutta
CION Kukatpally

Opposite Big Bazaar, Mumbai Highway

KPHB JNTU Bharat Nagar
CION L.B. Nagar

Anu Arcade, next to L.B. Nagar Metro station

Vanasthalipuram Nagole Hayathnagar
CION Tolichowki

Inside Premier Hospital, Khader Bagh Road

Mehdipatnam Attapur Rethibowli
CION Masab Tank

Mahavir Hospital, AC Guards, Lakdikapul

Lakdikapul Khairatabad Basheer Bagh
CION Banjara Hills

Road No. 12

Jubilee Hills Madhapur Film Nagar
CION Kompally

Suchitra Circle, NH-44

Suchitra Circle Alwal Dundigal
CION Balanagar

Balanagar Main Road

Balanagar Fatehnagar Moosapet
CION Siddipet

Lohith Sai Hospital, Shivaji Nagar

Gajwel Husnabad Dubbaka
CION Sangareddy

X Roads, Pothreddipalle

Narayankhed Zaheerabad Patancheru
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Cancer Genetics Topics

Browse CION’s cancer genetics guide — family history and testing, reading a report, genes and syndromes, family planning, cost and support in Hyderabad. Tap any topic to read more.

This guide: The Genetic Counselling Process

What does a genetic counsellor actually do? Genetic counsellor, clinical geneticist or oncologist: who does what Genetic counselling in India: training and certification How to find a genetic counsellor in India Do you need a referral for genetic counselling? Booking a genetic counselling appointment How long does a genetic counselling session take? What to bring to your first genetic counselling appointment Who should come with you to genetic counselling? Pre-test counselling: what is covered before you test Drawing the pedigree: your family tree on paper Reading your pedigree: what the symbols mean Verifying your family's cancer history with records Risk assessment: how your number is worked out How do you choose which genetic test to have? Informed consent before a genetic test What you are consenting to: storage, reuse and research Secondary findings: deciding whether you want them reported Giving the sample for a genetic test Which sample is more reliable for a genetic test? Can a genetic test be done from a stored tissue block? Genetic testing after a relative has died How long a genetic test result actually takes Why a genetic result takes weeks to come back Getting through the wait for a genetic result Post-test counselling: what the result session involves How genetic results are given: in person, by phone or in writing What you should leave a genetic result appointment with The family letter after a genetic result: what to do next Telegenetic counselling: genetic advice without the travel Genetic counselling in Telugu: asking in your own language Changing your mind about a genetic test Getting a second opinion on genetic advice After genetic counselling: what happens next

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