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Krenning Score on Your — DOTATATE or DOTANOC Report

If your DOTATATE or DOTANOC report includes a Krenning score, it is grading how strongly each area of your scan absorbed the radiotracer. That number plays a direct role in determining whether a specific type of radioisotope therapy is suitable for you.

Medically reviewed by Dr. Bharati Devi Gorantla, Medical Oncologist, MBBS · MD · DM (Adyar, Chennai) · ECMO · MRCP SCE (UK) · Last reviewed September 2026

  • A scale from 0 to 4 — Zero means no uptake. Four means very high uptake compared to normal organs.
  • Compared to your liver — The grade is set by comparing tumour uptake to the uptake in your normal liver.
  • Decides therapy eligibility — A higher score indicates more somatostatin receptors, which is what radioisotope therapy targets.
  • Needs a doctor to interpret — The score is one piece of information. Your oncologist weighs it alongside your tumour type, stage, and other results.
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The Krenning score grades how much radiotracer your tumour absorbs on a DOTATATE or DOTANOC scan, on a scale from 0 to 4. It compares uptake to your normal liver. A higher score — generally 3 or 4 — indicates the tumour has enough somatostatin receptors to be targeted by radioisotope therapy. Your oncologist interprets what it means for you.

What does the Krenning score actually measure?

DOTATATE and DOTANOC are radiotracers that bind to somatostatin receptors on the surface of certain tumour cells. The more receptors a tumour has, the more tracer it absorbs, and the brighter it appears on the scan.

The Krenning score grades that brightness against a fixed reference point — your normal liver. The liver is used because it absorbs a predictable, consistent amount of tracer in most people.

A tumour that appears less bright than the liver scores lower on the scale. One that appears brighter than the liver, or as bright as the spleen, scores higher.

Why does this score matter for treatment decisions?

Radioisotope therapy — also called PRRT, or peptide receptor radionuclide therapy — works by attaching a radioactive particle to the same somatostatin-based molecule used in the scan. It reaches tumour cells by following the same receptor pathway.

For that to work, the tumour needs to absorb the molecule reliably. EANM and SNMMI guidance uses the Krenning score as part of assessing whether uptake is adequate for PRRT to be appropriate.

A score in the lower range suggests the tumour may not have enough receptors for PRRT to target effectively. This is not necessarily bad news about your overall situation — it means a different treatment path may fit your tumour better.

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What each number on the Krenning scale means

0 — No uptake
The scan shows no visible absorption of the radiotracer in that area. The tumour does not appear in the way somatostatin receptor-positive tumours typically do.
1 — Below liver
Faint uptake, clearly less than the normal liver. This is the lowest visible grade and falls below the uptake level considered adequate for radioisotope therapy.
2 — Equal to liver
Uptake is roughly equal to or slightly less than normal liver. The tumour is absorbing the tracer, but at a level that sits at the lower boundary of the range used in eligibility assessment.
3 — Greater than liver
Uptake is clearly more intense than normal liver. This grade, together with grade 4, represents the level of uptake that EANM and SNMMI guidance associates with adequate somatostatin receptor expression for PRRT consideration.
4 — Greater than spleen or kidneys
The highest grade. The tumour is absorbing the tracer more intensely than the spleen or kidneys, which are organs with naturally high uptake. This is a strongly positive result for somatostatin receptor expression.

Questions families ask about the Krenning score

My score is 2. Does that mean I cannot have PRRT?

A score of 2 sits at the boundary of the range described in EANM and SNMMI guidance, and whether it is adequate depends on several factors your oncologist will weigh — your tumour type, how far the disease has spread, and what other treatments have already been tried. A score of 2 does not automatically rule out PRRT, and it does not mean you have run out of options. It means the eligibility decision needs a careful conversation with your oncologist rather than a straightforward yes based on the number alone.

Can the Krenning score change between one scan and the next?

Yes, it can change. Somatostatin receptor expression on tumour cells is not fixed — it can shift over time, and some treatments affect how strongly receptors are expressed. A scan done months or years after the first one may give a different score. This is one reason oncologists sometimes repeat a DOTATATE or DOTANOC scan after a period of treatment or observation. Do not compare scores from different scan centres or different tracers without asking your team, as the comparison may not be straightforward.

Does a higher score mean my cancer is more aggressive?

No. The Krenning score measures how many somatostatin receptors the tumour cells express — it is not a measure of how fast the tumour is growing or how advanced it is. Some slow-growing neuroendocrine tumours score very highly on the Krenning scale, because receptor expression often correlates with how well differentiated the tumour is, not with aggressiveness. Your oncologist uses the score alongside your Ki-67 index, your stage, the primary tumour site, and other results. The score alone does not predict prognosis.

Is a DOTATATE scan the same as a standard PET-CT?

A DOTATATE or DOTANOC scan is a type of PET-CT, but it uses a different radiotracer from the FDG used in a standard PET-CT. Standard FDG PET-CT measures glucose uptake and does not produce a Krenning score. DOTATATE and DOTANOC PET-CT scans measure somatostatin receptor uptake specifically, which is why they are used for neuroendocrine tumours and some other receptor-positive cancers. If your report is from a standard FDG PET-CT, the Krenning scale does not apply to it.

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Common questions

Frequently asked questions

What is the Krenning score on a DOTATATE or DOTANOC report?

The Krenning score is a grading system that nuclear medicine physicians use to describe how much radiotracer a tumour absorbs on a DOTATATE or DOTANOC scan. The scale runs from 0 to 4, comparing the tumour's uptake to the uptake in your normal liver. It is used because somatostatin receptor-based therapies can only target tumours that absorb the tracer reliably, so the score gives your oncologist a standardised way to assess whether the tumour has enough receptors for that type of treatment to be considered.

What Krenning score is needed for radioisotope therapy?

EANM and SNMMI guidance describes adequate uptake as a key requirement for PRRT eligibility, and a score of 3 or 4 is generally considered to indicate adequate uptake. A score of 2 falls into a zone where other factors influence the decision. A score of 0 or 1 suggests uptake is insufficient for PRRT to target reliably. Your oncologist makes the final eligibility decision, because the score is one factor among several — your tumour type, stage, and overall health all contribute.

My report says Krenning score 2. What does that mean for my treatment?

A score of 2 means your tumour is absorbing the radiotracer at roughly the level of normal liver. It sits at the lower boundary of what is considered in eligibility assessments for PRRT. Whether that is adequate in your case depends on your oncologist's full assessment, not the number alone. It does not mean PRRT is impossible, and it does not mean you are out of options. Ask your oncologist to explain what the score means alongside your other results.

Can a low Krenning score improve with treatment?

Somatostatin receptor expression can change over time, and a repeat scan may show a different score. However, this is not a reliable or predictable effect, and there is no established approach for improving the score through a specific intervention. Whether a repeat scan is useful in your situation is a question for your oncologist. Do not delay or decline other treatments while waiting for a score to change, unless your oncologist has specifically advised that approach for your case.

Is the Krenning score the same as somatostatin receptor positive?

They describe the same underlying biology but are not identical terms. Saying a tumour is somatostatin receptor positive means it expresses those receptors at all — which could correspond to any Krenning grade from 1 upwards. The Krenning score goes further by grading how intensely the uptake is, which is what determines whether the expression is strong enough for PRRT. A tumour can be receptor positive at a level that is too low to qualify for PRRT, which is why the specific grade matters.

Who interprets the Krenning score — the nuclear medicine doctor or my oncologist?

The nuclear medicine physician who reports your scan assigns the Krenning score based on what they see on the images. Your oncologist then uses that score — alongside your clinical history, your cancer type, your stage, and your other test results — to decide what it means for your treatment plan. Both are involved, but it is your oncologist who translates the score into a treatment recommendation. If you have questions about what the score means for your situation, your oncologist is the right person to ask.

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