Home › Chemotherapy › Capecitabine (Xeloda, Capegard, Xabine): — The Oral Chemotherapy Tablet
Oral chemotherapy
Capecitabine (Xeloda, Capegard, Xabine): The Oral Chemotherapy Tablet
Medically reviewed by Dr. Naresh Gundu, Medical Oncologist, MBBS (Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar) · DNB Internal Medicine (Sir Gangaram Hospital, New Delhi) · DM Medical Oncology (AIIMS) · Last reviewed September 2026
Being handed a chemotherapy prescription to take at home can feel unsettling. Capecitabine works the same way as an intravenous drug called 5-FU — and its most distinctive side effect, hand-foot syndrome, is something you can catch early if you know what to look for.
Capecitabine is a prescription-only medicine that must be prescribed and supervised by a specialist oncologist. It cannot be started, stopped, or adjusted based on anything read online or in this article. It is not suitable for everyone — see who this is not for below.
Talk to an oncologist
Leave your details and a member of the oncology team will call you back to answer questions about your treatment plan.
No charge for the call, and no obligation to book anything.In short
Capecitabine is an oral chemotherapy tablet that converts to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in the body — making it the tablet equivalent of a widely used intravenous drug. Its most distinctive side effect is hand-foot syndrome: redness, pain, and peeling on the palms and soles. It must be taken with food.
In detail
Is capecitabine the same as 5-FU?
Yes. Capecitabine is what is called a prodrug — after you swallow it, your body converts it into 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), the same active substance used in intravenous chemotherapy. The conversion happens mainly in tumour tissue, which means less of the active drug reaches healthy cells compared with a continuous IV drip.
The practical difference is delivery. A 5-FU regimen requires a hospital infusion, sometimes over many hours. Capecitabine is taken as a tablet at home, on a cycle your oncologist sets — typically a period of daily tablets followed by rest days.
Being a tablet does not make it a milder treatment. The side effects are real and need monitoring. Do not adjust the dose or skip tablets without speaking to your team.
In detail
Does capecitabine have to be taken with food?
Yes. Capecitabine must be taken with food or shortly after eating. Taking it on an empty stomach changes how it is absorbed into your system.
Swallow the tablets whole with a full glass of water — do not crush, break, or chew them. Your prescription card will state the exact timing and number of tablets for your dose.
If you vomit shortly after taking a dose, do not take a replacement — wait for the next scheduled dose and tell your team what happened.
Eligibility
Who should not take capecitabine?
Capecitabine is not suitable for everyone. Your oncologist decides eligibility based on your individual medical history, current medicines, and test results.
- People with severely reduced kidney functionCapecitabine is processed by the kidneys, and severe impairment significantly raises the risk of toxicity.
- Anyone with a confirmed deficiency of the enzyme DPD (dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase), which the body needs to break down 5-fluorouracil safely. DPD testing may be carried out before treatment begins.
- People who have had a severe allergic reaction to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or to capecitabine itself.
- Those who are pregnant or breastfeedingCapecitabine can harm a developing baby.
- People taking certain interacting medicines, particularly warfarin, without specialist review and close monitoring.
This list is not exhaustive. Eligibility is always decided by an oncologist on an individual basis.
Want to talk this through with an oncologist?
Leave your number and an oncology coordinator will call you back at a time that suits you.
At a glance
What are the side effects of capecitabine?
In detail
What does hand-foot syndrome feel like and what should you do?
Hand-foot syndrome — also called palmar-plantar erythrodysesthesia — begins as a warm, tight, or tingling feeling on the palms of your hands and the soles of your feet. The skin may look red, as though sunburned. Over days, without attention, it can progress to swelling, blistering, and peeling.
Keeping skin well moisturised from your first day of treatment helps slow this. Use a thick, unscented emollient on your hands and feet regularly. Avoid tight footwear, hot water, and anything that creates pressure or friction on the palms or soles.
Tell your team as soon as the skin begins to crack, blister, or peel, or if pain is interfering with walking or everyday tasks. Accurate grading is how your oncologist decides whether the dose needs adjusting. Do not wait for your next scheduled visit.
Question by question
Other questions about taking capecitabine
What happens if I miss a dose?
Skip the missed dose completely — do not double up on the next one. Taking two doses at once increases side-effect risk without adding benefit. Note that you missed it and tell your team at your next contact. If it is happening regularly, tell your nurse so they can review whether the schedule is working for you.
Can capecitabine interact with other medicines?
Yes, and some interactions are serious. Capecitabine has a documented interaction with warfarin — it can raise the level of that drug in your blood significantly, increasing bleeding risk. It can also interact with phenytoin, used for epilepsy. Tell your oncologist and pharmacist about every medicine you take, including herbal remedies and anything bought over the counter. Do not start or stop any medicine without checking first.
Is it safe to take Ayurvedic or herbal medicines alongside capecitabine?
The safety of most Ayurvedic and herbal preparations alongside capecitabine has not been formally studied. Some herbs affect the liver enzymes that process chemotherapy, which could change how much active drug you receive. This is not a reason to feel judged for what you take — it is a reason to tell your oncologist exactly what you are using, so they can advise you properly.
Will there be blood tests during treatment?
Yes. Blood counts, kidney function, and liver function are checked regularly throughout treatment. These tests tell your team whether the dose is safe to continue. Do not skip them even if you feel well — they are designed to catch problems before they become symptoms. Your team will tell you how often tests are needed for your regimen.
Can I drink alcohol while on capecitabine?
There is no absolute prohibition, but alcohol can worsen nausea, mouth sores, and fatigue — all already possible side effects of this treatment. It can also affect the liver, which processes the drug. Most oncology teams advise limiting or avoiding alcohol during active treatment cycles. Ask your oncologist what is right for your situation.
Common questions
Frequently asked questions
Which cancers is capecitabine used for?
Capecitabine is used most commonly in colorectal, breast, and gastric cancers, though it is also used in other tumour types. It is sometimes given alone and sometimes combined with other medicines or with radiation. Your oncologist can explain the specific reason it has been recommended for you and what it is intended to achieve in your situation.
What is the difference between Xeloda, Capegard, and Xabine?
All three are brand names for the same medicine — capecitabine — made by different manufacturers. Xeloda is made by Roche; Capegard and Xabine are Indian generic versions. The active molecule is identical. If your brand changes between cycles, tell your pharmacist so they can confirm the tablet strength matches what was previously prescribed.
How will I know if capecitabine is working?
Response is assessed through imaging — a CT scan or PET-CT — at intervals set by your oncologist, typically after a number of cycles. How you feel day to day is not a reliable guide, because some people experience side effects even when treatment is effective, and some feel relatively well when it is not. Ask your oncologist when the first assessment scan is planned.
How long will I be on capecitabine?
The duration depends on your cancer type, how you respond, and how well you tolerate the treatment. Some people receive a fixed number of cycles; others continue for as long as the treatment is controlling the disease. Ask your oncologist directly — knowing the plan and when it will be reviewed helps you and your family prepare for what comes next.
What if I cannot afford the full course?
Tell your oncologist or the hospital social worker before you miss a dose for financial reasons. Stopping without medical guidance is not safe. In India, manufacturer patient-assistance programmes and some government schemes offer subsidised access to capecitabine — your team may be able to connect you with these. Do not stop treatment without speaking to your team first.
Does sun exposure affect capecitabine?
Capecitabine can make your skin more sensitive to sunlight. Use a high-factor sunscreen on exposed skin, wear protective clothing, and limit direct sun during the hottest part of the day. If you already have hand-foot syndrome, sun on inflamed skin can worsen it. Ask your nurse whether there are specific precautions for your climate and the time of year.
Who would be treating you
The medical oncologists on the CION panel
Chemotherapy is prescribed, dosed and supervised by a medical oncologist. These are the six on the CION panel.
Dr. Naresh Gundu
Medical OncologistMBBS · DNB Internal Medicine (Sir Gangaram, New Delhi) · DM Medical Oncology (AIIMS)
Dr. C. Raghavendra Reddy
Medical OncologistMBBS (Gold Medal) · DNB · DM (Medical Oncology, Gold Medal) · Kukatpally
Dr. Bharati Devi Gorantla
Medical OncologistMBBS · MD · DM (Adyar, Chennai) · ECMO · MRCP SCE (UK)
Dr. T. Raghavender Reddy
Medical OncologistMBBS · DM (Medical Oncology) · MD (Radiation Oncology) · L.B. Nagar
Which oncologist you see depends on the centre nearest you and on what your treatment involves. Tell us where you are and we will point you to the closest.
Talk it through
Reading about a medicine is not the same as being told what to expect
This page explains what the medicine does in general. What it cannot tell you is how your own regimen was chosen, what your schedule looks like, or which of these effects apply to you — that needs your reports and a conversation.
Speak to an oncologist
Share your details and the team will call you back to arrange a consultation or a second opinion.
Bring your reports if you have them. If you do not, come anyway.Where to find us
Our centres in and around Hyderabad
Addressed by landmark, because that is how this city navigates. Each centre also names the areas it serves, so you can place it without a map. Consultation and day-care Chemotherapy run at every one of them.
Chemotherapy Topics
Browse our complete chemotherapy guide — 1133 pages on side effects, medicines, cost, daily life and care in Hyderabad. Tap any topic to read more.