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During chemotherapy

Can Chemotherapy Side Effects — Be Prevented?

Some chemotherapy side effects can be prevented before they start. Others can be reduced. A few cannot be stopped entirely. Your team plans for all three categories before your first cycle.

Medically reviewed by Dr. C. Raghavendra Reddy, Medical Oncologist, MBBS (Gold Medal) · DNB · DM (Medical Oncology, Gold Medal) · Last reviewed September 2026

  • Prevention starts before your infusion — Anti-nausea and other protective medicines are given before chemotherapy starts, not after symptoms appear.
  • What you do also matters — Small steps — what you eat, when you rest, what you report — can make a real difference to how you feel.
  • Some effects cannot be stopped — Temporary hair loss and a fall in blood counts are expected with certain regimens. They are monitored, not prevented.
  • Report early, not late — A side effect reported at the start is much easier to manage than one that has been building for days.
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Some chemotherapy side effects can be prevented with medicines your team gives before your infusion starts. Others — like fatigue or temporary hair loss — cannot be stopped, but most can be reduced. Your team plans supportive care before your first cycle, based on the specific medicines you are receiving.

What medicines does your team give to prevent side effects?

Before your infusion starts, you will be given medicines to prevent the most predictable side effects. Anti-nausea medicines — called antiemetics — are given routinely before most regimens, because nausea is one of the side effects most likely to be prevented rather than simply treated after it appears.

Some regimens also include medicines to protect the stomach lining, reduce the risk of allergic reactions, or lower the chance of a dangerous drop in white blood cells. Which preventive medicines you receive depends on your specific regimen.

These are part of your planned treatment, not extras to ask for. If prevention is not working well enough, your team can adjust it between cycles.

What can you do to help reduce side effects?

  • Eat small, frequent mealsSmaller amounts eaten more often are easier on a stomach already affected by treatment.
  • Keep drinking fluids steadilyUnless your team has asked you to restrict intake, staying hydrated helps your kidneys clear treatment medicines.
  • Rest when you feel tiredFatigue during chemotherapy is real and physical. Pushing through it does not build resilience.
  • Tell your team about everything you are takingEvery supplement, herbal product or home remedy — tell your team before taking it. Some interact with treatment.
  • Avoid crowded places on your low-count daysYour team can tell you which days your blood counts are likely to be at their lowest, and those are the days to be most careful.
  • Keep your mouth cleanA soft toothbrush and regular rinsing can reduce the severity of mouth sores in people who are prone to them.
  • Report new symptoms the same day, not at your next appointmentYour team can only adjust what they know about. Early reports give them more options.

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Which side effects can be reduced but not fully prevented?

Fatigue is the most common side effect of chemotherapy, and it cannot be fully prevented. Pacing your activity, treating any underlying cause such as low haemoglobin, and resting when you need to can all reduce it.

Mouth sores, loose motions and changes to appetite vary from person to person. Good oral hygiene and diet adjustments can reduce how severe they are, and your team can prescribe additional medicines when they appear.

Some degree of nausea may still occur even with preventive medicines. If it does, tell your team — the approach can be changed before your next cycle.

Which side effects cannot be prevented, and when should you call?

Temporary hair loss with certain regimens is expected and cannot be stopped with current supportive care. It grows back after treatment ends in most people, though the texture may be slightly different at first.

A temporary fall in blood counts is expected with many regimens and is monitored with regular blood tests. This is why your team takes your count seriously and asks you to report any fever promptly.

Call your team the same day if you develop a fever, notice unusual bleeding or bruising, or feel breathless. Go to emergency care immediately if you have chest pain, severe abdominal pain, or blood in your stool. These can be signs of a blood-count drop or another reaction that needs urgent treatment.

Did you know?

Nausea and vomiting were once the most common reason people stopped chemotherapy before completing their planned treatment. Modern antiemetic protocols have made complete prevention possible for a significant proportion of people receiving high-risk regimens, according to ASCO and MASCC supportive care guidelines.

If you are still experiencing nausea despite what has been prescribed, tell your team — the medicines can be changed.

Source: ASCO/MASCC Antiemesis Guideline

Explore 74 more Common Side Effects and How They Are Managed topics

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Common questions

Frequently asked questions

Will I definitely be sick after chemotherapy?

Nausea is one of the most preventable chemotherapy side effects, and many people on modern antiemetic protocols do not experience significant vomiting. Whether you feel nauseous depends on your specific regimen, how your body responds, and how well the preventive medicines work for you. If nausea breaks through despite what has been prescribed, tell your team — they can adjust the approach before your next cycle, not after several more have passed.

Will I lose my hair?

Whether you lose hair depends entirely on which chemotherapy medicines you are receiving. Some cause significant hair loss; others cause very little or none at all. Your oncologist will tell you what to expect before your first cycle. Where hair loss does happen, it is almost always temporary — it grows back after treatment ends, though the texture or colour may be slightly different initially.

Can I take herbal supplements or home remedies to help with side effects?

Tell your team about anything you are thinking of taking before you take it. Some herbal products and supplements interact with chemotherapy and can reduce how well treatment works or increase side effects. There is no supplement proven to prevent chemotherapy side effects, and some marketed for this purpose can cause harm. Telling your team is not about being asked to give something up — it is so they can check whether it is safe alongside your specific treatment.

Does everyone on the same chemotherapy get the same side effects?

No. Two people on the same regimen can have very different experiences. Which side effects you get, and how severe they are, depends on the specific medicines, your age, your general health, and how your body responds. Your team's predictions are based on what is common with your regimen, not on what is certain for you individually. This is also why reporting your own experience matters — what is typical is not necessarily what will happen to you.

What side effects should I call about straight away?

Call your team the same day if you develop a fever, notice unusual bleeding or bruising, or feel breathless. Go to the emergency department immediately if you have chest pain, severe abdominal pain, or blood in your stool. A fever during chemotherapy is never something to wait out overnight — it can be a sign of serious infection at a time when your immune defences are lower than usual.

What if the prevention medicines are not working well enough?

Tell your team as soon as possible, rather than assuming this is just how it has to be. Anti-nausea medicines and other preventive treatments can often be changed or added to between cycles. Your team needs to know what is not controlled so they can adjust your prescription before your next cycle, not after another has passed. There is usually more than one option, and finding the right combination may take one or two adjustments.

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